if-legal-corpus/raw/uk/trade-secrets-regulations-2018

92 lines
No EOL
78 KiB
Text
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML+RDFa 1.0//EN" "http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/DTD/xhtml-rdfa-1.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:dct="http://purl.org/dc/terms/" xml:lang="en">
<head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=0.1, user-scalable=1" /><title>The Trade Secrets (Enforcement, etc.) Regulations 2018</title><link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/screen.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/survey/survey.css" type="text/css" /><!--[if lte IE 6]><link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/IE/ie6chromeAdditions.css" type="text/css" /><![endif]--><!--[if lte IE 7]><link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/IE/ie7chromeAdditions.css" type="text/css" /><![endif]--><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/jquery-3.7.1.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/CentralConfig.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/survey/survey.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/chrome.js"></script><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/images/chrome/apple-touch-icons/apple-touch-icon.png" />
<meta name="DC.title" content="The Trade Secrets (Enforcement, etc.) Regulations 2018" /><meta name="DC.language" scheme="ISO639-2" content="eng" /><meta name="DC.publisher" content="King's Printer of Acts of Parliament" /><meta name="DC.Date.Modified" content="2018-05-17" /><meta name="DC.subject" content="INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY" />
<meta name="DC.description" content="These Regulations implement provisions of Directive (EU) 2016/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure (OJ L157, 15.6.2017, p.1) (“the Directive”). A number of the provisions of the Directive, in particular the provisions in Chapter II and Articles 6, 7 and 16, have been implemented in the United Kingdom by the principles of common law and equity relating to breach of confidence in confidential information, and by statute and court rules. These Regulations address those areas where gaps occur or where the implementation of the provisions of the Directive in the United Kingdom, across its jurisdictions, may be made more transparent and coherent." /><meta name="description" content="These Regulations implement provisions of Directive (EU) 2016/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure (OJ L157, 15.6.2017, p.1) (“the Directive”). A number of the provisions of the Directive, in particular the provisions in Chapter II and Articles 6, 7 and 16, have been implemented in the United Kingdom by the principles of common law and equity relating to breach of confidence in confidential information, and by statute and court rules. These Regulations address those areas where gaps occur or where the implementation of the provisions of the Directive in the United Kingdom, across its jurisdictions, may be made more transparent and coherent." />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/xml" href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.xml" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml" href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.rdf" title="RDF/XML" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/akn+xml" href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.akn" title="AKN" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/xhtml+xml" href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.xht" title="HTML snippet" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.htm" title="Website (XHTML) Default View" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/csv" href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.csv" title="CSV" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.pdf" title="PDF" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/akn+xhtml" href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.html" title="HTML5 snippet" />
<link rel="alternate" type="application/pdf" href="/uksi/2018/597/pdfs/uksi_20180597_en.pdf" title="Original PDF" />
<link rel="index" href="/uksi/2018/597/contents/made" title="Table of Contents" />
<meta name="Legislation.year" content="2018" /><style type="text/css">/* Legislation stylesheets - load depending on content type */
@import "/styles/legislation.css";
@import "/styles/secondarylegislation.css";
@import "/styles/legislationOverwrites.css";
/* End of Legislation stylesheets */
</style><!--[if IE 6]>
<style type="text/css">
@import "/styles/IE/ie6LegAdditions.css";
</style>
<![endif]--><!--[if IE 7]>
<style type="text/css">
@import "/styles/IE/ie7LegAdditions.css";
</style>
<![endif]--><link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/view/changesOverTime.css" type="text/css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/jquery-ui-1.14.1.custom.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/view/scrollbar.js"></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/website.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/print.css" type="text/css" media="print" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles/buy-now.css" type="text/css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/jquery-cookie-directive/jquery.cookie.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/jquery-cookie-directive/jquery-cookie-functions.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/cookie-directive.js"></script><!--Google Tag Manager--><script type="text/javascript">
function addGtm(w, d, s, l, i) {
// Legislation.gov.uk: Check cookie preferences before running the Google analytics code.
if (window.legGlobals.cookiePolicy.userSet &amp;&amp; window.legGlobals.cookiePolicy.analytics) {
w[l] = w[l] || [];
w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(), event: 'gtm.js'});
var and = '&amp;';
and = and.charAt(0);
var f = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j = d.createElement(s),
dl = l != 'dataLayer' ? (and + 'l=' + l) : '';
j.async = true;
j.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id=' + i + dl;
f.parentNode.insertBefore(j, f);
} else {
$.removeCookie('_ga', {path: '/'});
$.removeCookie('_gid', {path: '/'});
$.removeCookie('_gat_UA-2827241-23', {path: '/'});
$.removeCookie('_ga', {path: '/', domain: '.legislation.gov.uk'});
$.removeCookie('_gid', {path: '/', domain: '.legislation.gov.uk'});
$.removeCookie('_gat_UA-2827241-23', {path: '/', domain: '.legislation.gov.uk'});
}
}
addGtm(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-TWB7339');
$('body').on('cookie.preferences.saved.banner', function () {
addGtm(window, document, 'script', 'dataLayer', 'GTM-TWB7339');
});
</script><!--End Google Tag Manager--></head><body xml:lang="en" dir="ltr" id="leg" about="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2018/597/made" class="browse"><div id="preloadBg"><script type="text/javascript">
$("body").addClass("js");
</script></div><ul id="top" class="accessibleLinks"><li><a href="#pageTitle">Skip to main content</a></li><li><a href="#primaryNav">Skip to navigation</a></li></ul><div id="layout1"><div id="header"><h2><a href="/">legislation.gov.uk<span class="english"></span></a></h2><span class="natArch"><a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk"><span class="backgroundImage"></span><span class="accessibleText">https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk</span></a></span><ul id="secondaryNav"><li><a class="langaugeSwitch" href="/cy/uksi/2018/597/made">Cymraeg</a></li></ul></div><div id="primaryNav"><div class="navLayout"><ul><li class="link1"><a href="/"><span>Home</span></a></li><li class="link2"><a href="/explore"><span>Explore our collections</span></a></li><li class="link3"><a href="/research-tools"><span>Research tools</span></a></li><li class="link4"><a href="/help"><span>Help and guidance</span></a></li><li class="link5"><a href="/new"><span>What's new</span></a></li><li class="link6"><a href="/about-us"><span>About us</span></a></li><li id="quickSearch" class="en"><a href="#contentSearch"><span>Search Legislation</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div id="background"></div><div id="layout2" class="legComplete"><form id="contentSearch" method="get" action="/search" class="contentSearch"><h2>Search Legislation</h2><div class="title"><label for="title">Title: <em>(or keywords in the title)</em></label><input type="text" id="title" name="title" /></div><div class="year"><label for="year">Year:</label><input type="text" id="year" name="year" /></div><div class="number"><label for="number">Number:</label><input type="text" id="number" name="number" /></div><div class="type"><label for="type">Type:</label><select name="type" id="type"><option value="primary+secondary" selected="selected">All UK Legislation (excluding originating from the EU)</option><option disabled="disabled">--------------------------------------------</option><option value="all">All Legislation (including originating from the EU)</option><option disabled="disabled">--------------------------------------------</option><option value="primary">All Primary Legislation</option><option value="ukpga">    UK Public General Acts</option><option value="ukla">    UK Local Acts</option><option value="ukppa">    UK Private and Personal Acts</option><option value="asp">    Acts of the Scottish Parliament</option><option value="asc">    Acts of Senedd Cymru</option><option value="anaw">    Acts of the National Assembly for Wales</option><option value="mwa">    Measures of the National Assembly for Wales</option><option value="ukcm">    Church Measures</option><option value="nia">    Acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly</option><option value="aosp">    Acts of the Old Scottish Parliament</option><option value="aep">    Acts of the English Parliament</option><option value="aip">    Acts of the Old Irish Parliament</option><option value="apgb">    Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain</option><option value="gbla">    Local Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain</option><option value="gbppa">    Private and Personal Acts of the Parliament of Great Britain</option><option value="nisi">    Northern Ireland Orders in Council</option><option value="mnia">    Measures of the Northern Ireland Assembly</option><option value="apni">    Acts of the Northern Ireland Parliament</option><option disabled="disabled">--------------------------------------------</option><option value="secondary">All Secondary Legislation</option><option value="uksi">    UK Statutory Instruments</option><option value="wsi">    Wales Statutory Instruments</option><option value="ssi">    Scottish Statutory Instruments</option><option value="nisr">    Northern Ireland Statutory Rules</option><option value="ukci">    Church Instruments</option><option value="ukmd">    UK Ministerial Directions</option><option value="ukmo">    UK Ministerial Orders</option><option value="uksro">    UK Statutory Rules and Orders</option><option value="nisro">    Northern Ireland Statutory Rules and Orders</option><option disabled="disabled">--------------------------------------------</option><option value="eu-origin">All Legislation originating from the EU</option><option value="eur">    Regulations originating from the EU</option><option value="eudn">    Decisions originating from the EU</option><option value="eudr">    Directives originating from the EU</option><option value="eut">    European Union Treaties</option><option disabled="disabled">--------------------------------------------</option><option value="draft">All Draft Legislation</option><option value="ukdsi">    UK Draft Statutory Instruments</option><option value="sdsi">    Scottish Draft Statutory Instruments</option><option value="nidsr">    Northern Ireland Draft Statutory Rules</option><option disabled="disabled">--------------------------------------------</option><option value="ukia">All Impact Assessments</option><option value="ukia">    UK Impact Assessments</option></select></div><div class="submit"><button type="submit" id="contentSearchSubmit" class="userFunctionalElement"><span class="btl"></span><span class="btr"></span>Search<span class="bbl"></span><span class="bbr"></span></button></div><div class="advSearch"><a href="/search">Advanced Search</a></div></form><h1 id="pageTitle" class="pageTitle">The Trade Secrets (Enforcement, etc.) Regulations 2018</h1><div id="breadCrumb"><h2 class="accessibleText">You are here:</h2><ul><li class="first"><a href="/uksi">UK Statutory Instruments</a></li><li><a href="/uksi/2018/597/contents/made">2018 No. 597</a></li><li class="activetext">Whole
Instrument</li></ul></div><ul id="legSubNav"><li id="legTocLink"><span class="presentation"></span><a href="/uksi/2018/597/contents/made">Table of Contents</a></li><li id="legContentLink"><span class="presentation"></span><a href="/uksi/2018/597/introduction/made" class="disabled">Content</a></li><li id="legEmLink"><span class="presentation"></span><a href="/uksi/2018/597/memorandum/contents">Explanatory Memorandum</a><a href="#emTabHelp" class="helpItem helpItemToBot"><img src="/images/chrome/helpIcon.gif" alt=" Help about Explanatory Memorandum" /></a></li><li id="legResourcesLink"><span class="presentation"></span><a href="/uksi/2018/597/resources">More Resources</a><a href="#moreResourcesTabHelp" class="helpItem helpItemToBot"><img src="/images/chrome/helpIcon.gif" alt=" Help about More Resources" /></a></li></ul><div class="interface"><div class="prevNextNav"><ul><li class="prev"><span class="userFunctionalElement disabled"><span class="background"><span class="btl"></span><span class="btr"></span>Previous<span class="bbl"></span><span class="bbr"></span></span></span></li><li class="next"><span class="userFunctionalElement disabled"><span class="background"><span class="btl"></span><span class="btr"></span>Next<span class="bbl"></span><span class="bbr"></span></span></span></li></ul></div><ul id="viewPrintControl"><li class="view"><a class="userFunctionalElement" href="?view=plain"><span class="btl"></span><span class="btr"></span>Plain View<span class="bbl"></span><span class="bbr"></span></a></li><li class="print"><a class="userFunctionalElement" href="#printOptions"><span class="btl"></span><span class="btr"></span>Print Options<span class="bbl"></span><span class="bbr"></span></a></li></ul></div><div id="tools"><div class="section" id="whatVersion"><div class="title"><a href="#whatversionHelp" class="helpItem helpItemToMidRight"><img src="/images/chrome/helpIcon.gif" alt=" Help about what version" /></a><h2>What Version</h2></div><div class="content"><ul class="toolList"><li><span class="userFunctionalElement disabled"><span class="background"><span class="btl"></span><span class="btr"></span>Latest available (Revised)<span class="bbl"></span><span class="bbr"></span></span></span></li><li><span class="userFunctionalElement active"><span class="background"><span class="btl"></span><span class="btr"></span>Original (As made)<span class="bbl"></span><span class="bbr"></span></span></span></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="openingOptions"><div class="title"><a href="#openingOptionsHelp" class="helpItem helpItemToMidRight"><img src="/images/chrome/helpIcon.gif" alt=" Help about opening options" /></a><h2>Opening Options</h2></div><div id="openingOptionsContent" class="content"><ul class="toolList"><li class="whole"><a href="/uksi/2018/597/made">Open whole Instrument</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="section" id="pdfVersions"><div class="title"><h2>More Resources</h2></div><div class="content" id="pdfVersionsContent"><div class="content"><ul class="toolList"><li><a class="pdfLink" href="/uksi/2018/597/pdfs/uksi_20180597_en.pdf">Original: King's Printer Version</a></li></ul></div><p class="viewMoreLink"><a href="/uksi/2018/597/resources">View more<span class="pageLinkIcon"></span></a></p></div></div></div><div id="content"><div id="infoSection"><h2>Status:</h2><p class="intro"> This is the original version (as it was originally made). This item of legislation is currently only available in its original format.</p></div><div id="viewLegContents" xml:lang="en"><div class="LegSnippet" id="viewLegSnippet"><div class="LegClearFix LegPrelims"><p class="LegBanner">Statutory Instruments</p><h1 class="LegNo">2018 No. 597</h1><p class="LegSubject">Intellectual Property</p><h1 class="LegTitle">The Trade Secrets (Enforcement, <span xml:lang="la">etc.</span>) Regulations 2018</h1><div class="LegDate"><p class="LegDateText">Made</p><p class="LegDateDate">15th May 2018</p></div><div class="LegDate"><p class="LegDateText">Laid before Parliament</p><p class="LegDateDate">18th May 2018</p></div><div class="LegDate"><p class="LegDateText">Coming into force</p><p class="LegDateDate">9th June 2018</p></div><a class="LegAnchorID" id="Legislation-Preamble"></a><div class="LegIntroductoryText"> <p class="LegText">The Secretary of State is a Minister designated for the purposes of section 2(2) of the European Communities Act 1972(<a class="LegFootnoteRef" href="#f00001" title="Go to footnote 1" id="Backf00001">1</a>) in relation to intellectual property (including both registered and unregistered rights)(<a class="LegFootnoteRef" href="#f00002" title="Go to footnote 2" id="Backf00002">2</a>).&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegEnactingText"><p class="LegText">The Secretary of State, in exercise of the powers conferred by section 2(2) of that Act, makes the following Regulations.&#xD;</p></div></div><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Citation, commencement and extent</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-1">1.</span>—(1) These Regulations may be cited as the Trade Secrets (Enforcement, etc.) Regulations 2018 and come into force on 9th June 2018.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) These Regulations extend to England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Interpretation</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-2">2.</span>  For the purposes of these Regulations—&#xD;</p><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel3">“court” means—&#xD;</p><div><div class="LegAlphaList"><div class="LegListItem"><div class="LegLevel4No LegListItemNo">(a)</div><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel4">in England and Wales, a County Court hearing centre where there is also a Chancery District Registry or the High Court (as provided for in rule 63.13 of the Civil Procedure Rules 1998(<a class="LegFootnoteRef" href="#f00003" title="Go to footnote 3" id="Backf00003">3</a>)),&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegListItem"><div class="LegLevel4No LegListItemNo">(b)</div><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel4">in Scotland, the sheriff or the Court of Session, and&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegListItem"><div class="LegLevel4No LegListItemNo">(c)</div><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel4">in Northern Ireland, a county court or the High Court;&#xD;</p></div></div></div><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel3">“infringer” means a person who has unlawfully acquired, used or disclosed a trade secret;&#xD;</p><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel3">“infringing goods” means goods, the design, functioning, production process, marketing or a characteristic of which significantly benefits from a trade secret unlawfully acquired, used or disclosed;&#xD;</p><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel3">“trade secret” means information which—&#xD;</p><div><div class="LegAlphaList"><div class="LegListItem"><div class="LegLevel4No LegListItemNo">(a)</div><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel4">is secret in the sense that it is not, as a body or in the precise configuration and assembly of its components, generally known among, or readily accessible to, persons within the circles that normally deal with the kind of information in question,&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegListItem"><div class="LegLevel4No LegListItemNo">(b)</div><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel4">has commercial value because it is secret, and&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegListItem"><div class="LegLevel4No LegListItemNo">(c)</div><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel4">has been subject to reasonable steps under the circumstances, by the person lawfully in control of the information, to keep it secret;&#xD;</p></div></div></div><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel3">“trade secret holder” means any person lawfully controlling a trade secret.&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Wider protection</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-3">3.</span>—(1) The acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret is unlawful where the acquisition, use or disclosure constitutes a breach of confidence in confidential information.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) A trade secret holder may apply for and a court may grant measures, procedures, and remedies available in an action for breach of confidence where the measures, procedures and remedies—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-3-2-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">provide wider protection to the trade secret holder than that provided under these Regulations in respect of the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-3-2-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">comply with the safeguards referred to in Article 1 of Directive (EU) 2016/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure(<a class="LegFootnoteRef" href="#f00004" title="Go to footnote 4" id="Backf00004">4</a>).</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(3) A trade secret holder may apply for and a court may grant the measures, procedures and remedies referred to in paragraph (2) in addition, or as an alternative, to the measures procedures and remedies provided for in these Regulations in respect of the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret.&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Time limits for bringing proceedings</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-4">4.</span>—(1) Proceedings may not be brought before a court in respect of a claim for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret and for the application of measures, procedures and remedies provided for under these Regulations—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-4-1-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">in England and Wales and Northern Ireland, after the end of the limitation period for the claim, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-4-1-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">in Scotland, after the end of the prescriptive period for the claim, except where the subsistence of the obligation in relation to which the claim is made was relevantly acknowledged before the end of that period.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) The limitation period referred to in paragraph 1(a) is to be determined in accordance with this regulation and regulations 5 to 7 and 9.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(3) Section 36 of the Limitation Act 1980(<a class="LegFootnoteRef" href="#f00005" title="Go to footnote 5" id="Backf00005">5</a>) (equitable jurisdiction and remedies) does not apply in relation to proceedings in respect of a claim for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(4) The prescriptive period referred to in paragraph 1(b) is to be determined in accordance with this regulation and regulations 5, 6 and 8.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(5) Section 6 of the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973(<a class="LegFootnoteRef" href="#f00006" title="Go to footnote 6" id="Backf00006">6</a>) (extinction of obligations by prescriptive periods of five years) does not apply in relation to an obligation arising from a claim for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(6) The following provisions of the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973 apply for the purposes of, or in relation to, paragraph (1)(b) as they apply for the purposes of, or in relation to, section 6 of that Act—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-4-6-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">section 10 (relevant acknowledgment);</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-4-6-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">section 13 (prohibition of contracting out);</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-4-6-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">section 14(1)(c) and (d) (computation of prescriptive periods).</span>&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Length of limitation or prescriptive period</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-5">5.</span>—(1) The limitation period is six years.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) The prescriptive period is five years.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(3) The limitation or prescriptive period begins with the day specified in regulation 6.&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Beginning of limitation or prescriptive period</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-6">6.</span>—(1) The limitation or prescriptive period for a claim for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret against an infringer begins with the later of—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-6-1-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the day on which the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure that is the subject of the claim ceases, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-6-1-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the day of knowledge of the trade secret holder.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) In paragraph (1)(b), “the day of knowledge of the trade secret holder” is the day on which the trade secret holder first knows or could reasonably be expected to know—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-6-2-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">of the infringers activity,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-6-2-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">that the activity constitutes an unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-6-2-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the identity of the infringer.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(3) The reference in paragraph (2) to the trade secret holder knowing something is to the trade secret holder having sufficient knowledge of it to bring a claim for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(4) Where a person has acquired the liability of an infringer from another person (whether by operation of law or otherwise)—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-6-4-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the reference to an infringer in paragraph (1) is to be read as a reference to the person who has acquired the liability, but</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-6-4-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the references to the infringer in paragraph (2) are to be read as references to the original infringer.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(5) This regulation has effect subject to—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-6-5-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">regulation 7 in relation to the limitation period, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-6-5-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">regulation 8 in relation to the prescriptive period.</span>&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Effect of disability on limitation period</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-7">7.</span>—(1) If, in relation to a claim in England and Wales and Northern Ireland for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret, the trade secret holder is under a disability during the whole or any part of the limitation period, the limitation period for the claim begins with the earlier of—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-7-1-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the day on which the trade secret holder ceases to be under a disability, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-7-1-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the day on which the trade secret holder dies.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) In England and Wales, references in paragraph (1) to a person being “under a disability” have the same meaning as in section 38(2) of the Limitation Act 1980 (interpretation).&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(3) In Northern Ireland, references in paragraph (1) to a person being “under a disability” have the same meaning as in article 47 of the Limitation (Northern Ireland) Order 1989(<a class="LegFootnoteRef" href="#f00007" title="Go to footnote 7" id="Backf00007">7</a>) (persons under a disability).&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Suspension of prescriptive period during period of disability</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-8">8.</span>—(1) If, in relation to a claim in Scotland for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret, the trade secret holder is under legal disability for a period at any time, the period during which the trade secret holder is under legal disability—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-8-1-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">is not to be counted when calculating whether the prescriptive period for the claim has expired, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-8-1-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">is not to be regarded as separating the time immediately before it from the time immediately after it.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) In paragraph (1), “legal disability” has the same meaning as in section 15(1) of the Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973 (interpretation).&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">New claims in pending actions: England and Wales and Northern Ireland</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-9">9.</span>  For the purposes of regulations 4 to 7—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-9-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">section 35 of the Limitation Act 1980 (new claims in pending action) applies in relation to a claim for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret that is a new claim and to proceedings for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret as it applies in relation to new claims and proceedings for the purposes of that Act; and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-9-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">Article 73 of the Limitation (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (new claims in pending actions) applies in relation to a claim for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret that is a new claim and to proceedings for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret as it applies in relation to new claims and proceedings for the purposes of that Order.</span>&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Preservation of confidentiality of trade secrets in the course of proceedings</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-10">10.</span>—(1) A participant, or a participant who has access to documents which form part of the proceedings, must not use or disclose any trade secret or alleged trade secret—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-10-1-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">which, on a duly reasoned application by an interested party or on a courts own initiative, a court by order identifies as confidential, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-10-1-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">of which a participant has become aware as a result of participation in the proceedings or the access.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) The obligation referred to in paragraph (1) remains in force after the proceedings have ended, subject to paragraph (3).&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(3) The obligation in paragraph (1) ceases to exist—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-10-3-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">where a court, by final decision, finds that the alleged trade secret does not meet the requirements of a trade secret, or</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-10-3-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">where over time the information in question becomes generally known among, or readily accessible to, persons within the circles that normally deal with that kind of information.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(4) On a duly reasoned application by a party or on a courts own initiative, a court may order any of the measures set out in paragraph (5) as may be necessary to preserve the confidentiality of any trade secret or alleged trade secret used or referred to in the course of proceedings.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(5) A court may—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-10-5-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">restrict access to any document containing a trade secret or alleged trade secret submitted by the parties or third parties, in whole or in part, to a limited number of persons,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-10-5-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">restrict access to hearings, when trade secrets or alleged trade secrets may be disclosed, and to the record or transcript of those hearings to a limited number of persons, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-10-5-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">make available to a person, who is not one of the limited number of persons referred to in sub-paragraph (a) or (b), a non-confidential version of any judicial decision, in which the passages containing trade secrets have been removed or redacted.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(6) The number of persons referred to in paragraph 5(a) or (b) must be no greater than necessary to ensure compliance with the right of the parties to the legal proceedings to an effective remedy and to a fair trial, and must include, at least, one individual from each party and the lawyers or other representatives of those parties to the proceedings.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(7) In deciding whether or not to grant the measures in paragraph (5) in accordance with paragraphs (4) and (6) and which of the measures to order and in assessing the proportionality of the measures, a court must take into account—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-10-7-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the need to ensure the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-10-7-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the legitimate interests of the parties, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-10-7-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">any potential harm for the parties.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(8) In this regulation—&#xD;</p><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel3">“participant” means a party, a lawyer or other representative of a party, a court official, a witness, an expert or any other person participating in proceedings;&#xD;</p><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel3">“parties”, in paragraph (7), includes, where appropriate, third parties;&#xD;</p><p class="LegListTextStandard LegLevel3">“proceedings” means legal proceedings relating to the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret.&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Interim measures</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-11">11.</span>—(1) On the application of a trade secret holder, a court may order any of the following measures against the alleged infringer—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-11-1-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the cessation of, or (as the case may be) the prohibition of, the use or disclosure of the trade secret on a provisional basis;</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-11-1-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the prohibition of the production, offering, placing on the market or use of infringing goods, or the importation, export or storage of infringing goods for those purposes;</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-11-1-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the seizure or delivery up of the suspected infringing goods, including imported goods, so as to prevent the goods entering into, or circulating on, the market.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) A person to whom the suspected infringing goods are delivered up under paragraph (1)(c) must retain the infringing goods pending a decision to make or not to make an order under regulation 14(2).&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(3) A court making an order under paragraph (1) may set a reasonable period within which a trade secret holder must bring proceedings for a decision on the merits of the case before a court.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(4) Where no period is set under paragraph (3), a trade secret holder must bring proceedings before a court within a period not exceeding 20 working days or 31 calendar days after the day on which the order under paragraph (1) has been made, whichever is the longer.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(5) For the purposes of paragraph (4)—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-11-5-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">if the period of 20 working days ends on a day other than a working day, the proceedings are in time if they are brought on the next working day, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-11-5-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">“working day” means any day except a Saturday or Sunday, Christmas Day, Good Friday or a day which is a bank holiday in any part of the United Kingdom under section 1 of the Banking and Financial Dealings Act 1971(<a class="LegFootnoteRef" href="#f00008" title="Go to footnote 8" id="Backf00008">8</a>) (bank holidays).</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(6) As an alternative to the measures referred to in paragraph (1), a court may make an order making the continuation of the alleged unlawful use conditional upon the lodging by the alleged infringer of guarantees intended to ensure the compensation of the trade secret holder.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(7) An order under paragraph (6) must not permit disclosure of a trade secret in return for the lodging of guarantees.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(8) A court may make an order under paragraph (1) or (6) conditional upon the lodging by the trade secret holder of adequate security or an equivalent assurance intended to ensure compensation for any prejudice suffered by the alleged infringer and, where appropriate, by any other person affected by the order.&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Matters to be considered before making an order under regulation 11(1)</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-12">12.</span>—(1) Before making an order under regulation 11(1), a court may require the trade secret holder to provide evidence that may reasonably be considered available to satisfy the court with a sufficient degree of certainty that—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-12-1-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">a trade secret exists,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-12-1-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the trade secret holder is making the application, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-12-1-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the alleged infringer—</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP4Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP4No" id="regulation-12-1-c-i">(i)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP4Text">has acquired the trade secret unlawfully,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP4Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP4No" id="regulation-12-1-c-ii">(ii)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP4Text">is unlawfully using or disclosing the trade secret, or</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP4Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP4No" id="regulation-12-1-c-iii">(iii)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP4Text">is about to unlawfully use or disclose the trade secret.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) In considering whether to make an order under regulation 11(1) and in assessing the proportionality of such an order, a court must take into account the specific circumstances of the case, including where appropriate—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-12-2-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the value and other specific features of the trade secret,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-12-2-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the measures taken to protect the trade secret,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-12-2-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the conduct of the alleged infringer in acquiring, using or disclosing the trade secret,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-12-2-d">(d)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the impact of the unlawful use or disclosure of the trade secret,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-12-2-e">(e)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the legitimate interests of the parties and the impact which the granting or rejection of the measures could have on the parties,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-12-2-f">(f)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the legitimate interests of third parties,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-12-2-g">(g)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the public interest, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-12-2-h">(h)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the safeguard of fundamental rights.</span>&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Revocation of order under regulation 11(1)</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-13">13.</span>—(1) Where a court makes an order under regulation 11(1), the court may, on the application of the alleged infringer, revoke the order—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-13-1-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">if the trade secret holder does not bring proceedings leading to a decision on the merits of the case before a court within the period set under regulation 11(3) or in regulation 11(4), or</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-13-1-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">if the information in question is no longer a trade secret for reasons that cannot be attributed to the alleged infringer.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) A court may, on the application of the alleged infringer or an injured third party, order the trade secret holder to provide the alleged infringer, or the injured third party, appropriate compensation for any injury caused by a measure ordered under regulation 11(1)—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-13-2-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">where a court revokes an order under paragraph (1)(a),</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-13-2-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">where the measure lapses due to any act or omission by the trade secret holder, or</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-13-2-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">where it is subsequently found that there has been no unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret or threat of such conduct.</span>&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Injunctions or interdicts and corrective measures</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-14">14.</span>—(1) Where a court finds on the merits of the case that there has been an unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret, the court may, on application by the trade secret holder, order one or more of the following measures against the infringer—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-14-1-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the cessation of, or (as the case may be) the prohibition of, the use or disclosure of the trade secret;</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-14-1-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the prohibition of the production, offering, placing on the market or use of infringing goods, or the importation, export or storage of infringing goods for those purposes;</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-14-1-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the adoption of corrective measures with regard to the infringing goods, including where appropriate—</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP4Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP4No" id="regulation-14-1-c-i">(i)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP4Text">recall of the infringing goods from the market;</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP4Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP4No" id="regulation-14-1-c-ii">(ii)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP4Text">depriving the infringing goods of their infringing quality;</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP4Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP4No" id="regulation-14-1-c-iii">(iii)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP4Text">destruction of the infringing goods or their withdrawal from the market, provided that the withdrawal does not undermine the protection of the trade secret in question;</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-14-1-d">(d)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the destruction of all or part of any document, object, material, substance or electronic file containing or embodying the trade secret, or where appropriate, the delivery up to the applicant of all or part of that document, object, material, substance or electronic file.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) Where a court orders that infringing goods be withdrawn from the market, the court may order, on the application of the trade secret holder, that the infringing goods be delivered up and forfeited to the trade secret holder together with all or part of any document, object, material, substance or electronic file containing or embodying the trade secret.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(3) Where a court makes an order for a measure under paragraph (1)(c) or (d) or paragraph (2), the court must—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-14-3-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">order that the measure be carried out at the expense of the infringer, unless there are particular reasons for not doing so, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-14-3-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">ensure the measure is without prejudice to any damages that may be due to the trade secret holder by reason of the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of the trade secret.</span>&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Matters to be considered when making an order under regulation 14</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-15">15.</span>—(1) In considering an application for an order under regulation 14 and assessing the proportionality of such an order, the court must take into account the specific circumstances of the case, including where appropriate—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-15-1-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the value or other specific features of the trade secret,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-15-1-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the measures taken to protect the trade secret,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-15-1-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the conduct of the infringer in acquiring, using or disclosing the trade secret,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-15-1-d">(d)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the impact of the unlawful use or disclosure of the trade secret,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-15-1-e">(e)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the legitimate interests of the parties and the impact which the granting or rejection of the measures could have on the parties,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-15-1-f">(f)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the legitimate interests of third parties,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-15-1-g">(g)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the public interest, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-15-1-h">(h)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the safeguard of fundamental rights.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) Where a court makes an order limiting the duration of a measure ordered under regulation 14(1)(a) or (b), the duration must be sufficient to eliminate any commercial or economic advantage that the infringer could have derived from the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of the trade secret.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(3) On the application of the defendant, the court must revoke a measure ordered under regulation 14(1)(a) or (b) if the information in question no longer constitutes a trade secret for reasons that cannot be attributed directly or indirectly to the defendant.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(4) In the application of paragraph (3) to Scotland, “defendant” means defender.&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Compensation instead of order under regulation 14</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-16">16.</span>—(1) A person liable to the imposition of an order under regulation 14 may apply for, and a court may make, an order for compensation to be paid to the injured party instead of an order under regulation 14—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-16-1-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">if at the time of use or disclosure the person neither knew nor ought, under the circumstances, to have known that the trade secret was obtained from another person who was using or disclosing the trade secret unlawfully,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-16-1-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">if the execution of the measures in question would cause disproportionate harm to the person liable to the measures, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-16-1-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">if it appears reasonably satisfactory to pay compensation to the injured party.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) Where a court makes an order for the payment of compensation instead of an order under regulation 14(1)(a) or (b), the compensation must not exceed the amount of royalties or fees which would have been due, had that person obtained a licence to use the trade secret in question, for the period for which use of the trade secret could have been prohibited.&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Assessment of damages</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-17">17.</span>—(1) On the application of an injured party, a court must order an infringer, who knew or ought to have known that unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret was being engaged in, to pay the trade secret holder damages appropriate to the actual prejudice suffered as a result of the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of the trade secret.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) A court may award damages under paragraph (1) on the basis of either paragraph (3) or (4).&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(3) When awarding damages under paragraph (1) on the basis of this paragraph, a court must take into account all appropriate factors, including in particular—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP4Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP4No" id="regulation-17-3-i">(i)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP4Text">the negative economic consequences, including any lost profits, which the trade secret holder has suffered, and any unfair profits made by the infringer, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP4Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP4No" id="regulation-17-3-ii">(ii)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP4Text">elements other than economic factors, including the moral prejudice caused to the trade secret holder by the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of the trade secret.</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(4) When awarding damages under paragraph (1) on the basis of this paragraph, a court may, where appropriate, award damages on the basis of the royalties or fees which would have been due had the infringer obtained a licence to use the trade secret in question.&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Publication of judicial decisions</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-18">18.</span>—(1) In proceedings for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret, a court may order, on the application of the trade secret holder and at the expense of the infringer, appropriate measures for the dissemination of information concerning the judgment, including its publication in whole or in part.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(2) Any measure a court may order under paragraph (1) must preserve the confidentiality of trade secrets as provided for in regulation 10.&#xD;</p><p class="LegP2ParaText">(3) In deciding whether to order a measure under paragraph (1) and when assessing whether such measure is proportionate, the court must take into account where appropriate—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-18-3-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the value of the trade secret,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-18-3-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the conduct of the infringer in acquiring, using or disclosing the trade secret,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-18-3-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the impact of the unlawful use or disclosure of the trade secret,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-18-3-d">(d)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">the likelihood of further unlawful use, or disclosure of the trade secret by the infringer, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-18-3-e">(e)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">whether the information on the infringer would be such as to allow an individual to be identified and, if so, whether publication of that information would be justified, in particular in the light of the possible harm that such measure may cause to the privacy and reputation of the infringer.</span>&#xD;</p><h2 class="LegP1GroupTitle">Proceedings to which these Regulations apply</h2><p class="LegP1ParaText"><span class="LegP1No" id="regulation-19">19.</span>  These Regulations apply only to proceedings—&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-19-a">(a)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">brought before a court after the coming into force of these Regulations,</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-19-b">(b)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">in respect a claim for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret, and</span>&#xD;</p><p class="LegClearFix LegP3Container"><span class="LegDS LegLHS LegP3No" id="regulation-19-c">(c)</span><span class="LegDS LegRHS LegP3Text">for the application of measures, procedures and remedies provided for under these Regulations.</span>&#xD;</p><div class="LegClearFix LegSignedSection"><div class="LegClearFix LegSignatory"><div class="LegClearFix LegSignee"><p class="LegPersonName">Sam Gyimah</p><p class="LegJobTitle">Minister of State</p><p class="LegDepartment">Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy</p><p class="LegDateSigned">15th May 2018</p></div></div></div><a class="LegAnchorID" id="Legislation-ExNote"></a><h2 class="LegExpNoteTitle">EXPLANATORY NOTE</h2><p class="LegCommentText">(This note is not part of the Regulations)&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">These Regulations implement provisions of Directive (EU) 2016/943 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2016 on the protection of undisclosed know-how and business information (trade secrets) against their unlawful acquisition, use and disclosure (OJ L157, 15.6.2017, p.1) (“the Directive”). A number of the provisions of the Directive, in particular the provisions in Chapter II and Articles 6, 7 and 16, have been implemented in the United Kingdom by the principles of common law and equity relating to breach of confidence in confidential information, and by statute and court rules. These Regulations address those areas where gaps occur or where the implementation of the provisions of the Directive in the United Kingdom, across its jurisdictions, may be made more transparent and coherent.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 2 defines the terms “infringer”, “infringing goods”, “trade secret” and “trade secret holder” in accordance with Article 2 of the Directive and adds a definition of “court”.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 3(1) makes clear that the issue of whether the acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret is unlawful is determined by reference to the principles of the law of confidence. Where the measures, procedures and remedies available in an action for breach of confidence offer wider protection to a trade secret holder than that offered under the Regulations, the trade secret holder may apply for, and a court may grant, them provided they comply with the safeguards referred to in Article 1 of the Directive (Regulation 3(2)). The measures, procedures and remedies referred to in regulation 3(2) are in addition, or an alternative, to the measures, procedures and remedies provided under these Regulations in respect of the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret (Regulation 3(3)).&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulations 4 to 9 make provision for limitation and prescriptive periods applicable to proceedings for claims for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret and for the application of measures, procedures and remedies under these Regulations. Regulations 4 to 9 implement Article 8 of the Directive. A limitation period of six years is set for England and Wales and Northern Ireland. A prescriptive period of five years is set for Scotland. Provision is made for determining when the limitation or prescriptive period begins to run and for suspending the limitation or prescriptive period on account of disability.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 10 provides for the preservation of confidentiality of trade secrets in the course of legal proceedings in implementation of Article 9(1) to (3) of the Directive.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 11 provides for interim measures against an alleged infringer in implementation of Article 10 of the Directive. Where an interim order for delivery up is made, a trade secret holder must retain the infringing goods until an order is made under regulation 14(2) that the goods be forfeited to the trade secret holder or destroyed. A time limit is set within which a claim must be brought after an interim order has been made. As an alternative to interim measures, a court may require guarantees to be lodged by the alleged infringer to compensate the trade secret holder. A court may also require a trade secret holder to provide adequate security to compensate an alleged infringer for any prejudice suffered.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 12 provides for the matters a court needs to consider before making an interim order under regulation 11(1). Regulation 12 implements Article 11(1) and (2) of the Directive.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 13 provides for revocation of an order made under regulation 11(1) where a trade secret holder does not bring proceedings before a court within the specified period or in certain other circumstances. Where a measure ordered is revoked, a court may order payment of appropriate compensation to the alleged infringer or injured third party. Regulation 13 implements Article 11(3) and (5) of the Directive.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 14 provides for injunctions, or interdicts in Scotland, and corrective measures which may be imposed on an infringer. These measures include requiring an infringer, at his expense, to recall the infringing goods from the market, to deprive them of their infringing quality, to destroy the infringing goods or to withdraw them from the market. When ordering the withdrawal of the goods from the market, a court may require the goods to be delivered up and forfeited to the trade secret holder. Regulation 14 implements Article 12 of the Directive.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 15 sets out the matters to be considered when making an order under regulation 14 and implements Article 13(1) and (2) of the Directive.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 16 enables a court to order compensation instead of an order under regulation 14 under certain conditions. This implements Article 13(3) of the Directive.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 17 sets out the factors that need to be taken into account when making an award of damages for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret. This implements Article 14 of the Directive.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 18 makes provision for the publication of information relating to judicial decisions in proceedings for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret. This implements Article 15 of the Directive.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">Regulation 19 makes clear that the Regulations apply only to proceedings brought before a court after the coming into force of these Regulations in respect of a claim for the unlawful acquisition, use or disclosure of a trade secret and for the application of measures, procedures and remedies provided for under these Regulations.&#xD;</p><p class="LegExpNoteText">A full impact assessment has not been produced for this instrument as no, or no significant, impact on the private, voluntary or public sector is foreseen. A transposition note is available from the Intellectual Property Office, Concept House, Cardiff Road, Newport NP10 8QQ and is available with the explanatory memorandum alongside this instrument on the Legislation UK website at <a href="/" title="GOV.UK website">www.legislation.gov.uk</a>. Copies have also been placed in the libraries of both Houses of Parliament.&#xD;</p><div class="LegFootnotes"><div class="LegClearFix LegFootnotesContainer"><div class="LegClearFix LegFootnote" id="f00001"><div class="LegFootnoteNoContainer">(<span class="LegFootnoteNo">1</span>)</div><p class="LegText"><a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/ukpga/1972/68">1972 c.68</a>; section 2(2) was amended by the Legislative and Regulatory Reform Act <a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/ukpga/2006/51">2006 (c.51)</a>, section 27(1)(a) and the European Union (Amendment) Act <a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/ukpga/2008/7">2008 (c.7)</a>, section 3(3) and Schedule, Part I.&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegClearFix LegFootnote" id="f00002"><div class="LegFootnoteNoContainer">(<span class="LegFootnoteNo">2</span>)</div><p class="LegText"><a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/uksi/2006/608">S.I. 2006/608</a>.&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegClearFix LegFootnote" id="f00003"><div class="LegFootnoteNoContainer">(<span class="LegFootnoteNo">3</span>)</div><p class="LegText"><a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/uksi/1998/3132">S.I. 1998/3132</a>; relevant amending instruments are <a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/uksi/2009/2092">S.I. 2009/2092</a>, Schedule 1, <a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/uksi/2009/3390">S.I. 2009/3390</a>, rule 38(a), <a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/uksi/2013/1974">S.I. 2013/1974</a>, rule 26(g), and <a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/uksi/2014/407">S.I. 2014/407</a>, rule 27(a).&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegClearFix LegFootnote" id="f00004"><div class="LegFootnoteNoContainer">(<span class="LegFootnoteNo">4</span>)</div><p class="LegText">OJ L157, 15.6.2016, p1.&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegClearFix LegFootnote" id="f00005"><div class="LegFootnoteNoContainer">(<span class="LegFootnoteNo">5</span>)</div><p class="LegText"><a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/ukpga/1980/58">1980 c. 58</a>.&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegClearFix LegFootnote" id="f00006"><div class="LegFootnoteNoContainer">(<span class="LegFootnoteNo">6</span>)</div><p class="LegText"><a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/ukpga/1973/52">1973 c. 52</a>.&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegClearFix LegFootnote" id="f00007"><div class="LegFootnoteNoContainer">(<span class="LegFootnoteNo">7</span>)</div><p class="LegText"><a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/nisi/1989/1339">S.I. 1989/1339 (N.I. 11)</a>.&#xD;</p></div><div class="LegClearFix LegFootnote" id="f00008"><div class="LegFootnoteNoContainer">(<span class="LegFootnoteNo">8</span>)</div><p class="LegText"><a class="LegCitation" title="Go to item of legislation" rel="cite" href="/id/ukpga/1971/80">1971 c.80</a>.&#xD;</p></div></div></div><span class="LegClearFix"></span></div></div><div class="contentFooter"><div class="interface"><div class="prevNextNav"><ul><li class="prev"><span class="userFunctionalElement disabled"><span class="background"><span class="btl"></span><span class="btr"></span>Previous<span class="bbl"></span><span class="bbr"></span></span></span></li><li class="next"><span class="userFunctionalElement disabled"><span class="background"><span class="btl"></span><span class="btr"></span>Next<span class="bbl"></span><span class="bbr"></span></span></span></li></ul></div></div></div><p class="backToTop"><a href="#top">Back to top</a></p></div></div><h2 class="interfaceOptionsHeader">Options/Help</h2><div id="printOptions" class="interfaceOptions "><h3 class="accessibleText">Print Options</h3><ul class="optionList"><li class="printOfficialCopy"><h4>Official printed copies</h4><ul><li><a href="/uksi/2018/597/made/buynow" class="printedLink">Order a copy of this legislation<span class="accessibleText">buy now</span></a></li></ul></li><li class="printWhole"><h4><span class="accessibleText">Print</span>The Whole
Instrument</h4><ul><li><a class="pdfLink" href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.pdf" target="_blank" rel="alternate nofollow">PDF<span class="accessibleText"> The Whole
Instrument</span></a></li><li><a class="htmLink" href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.xht?view=snippet&amp;wrap=true" target="_blank">Web page<span class="accessibleText"> The Whole
Instrument</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div><div class="help" id="whatversionHelp"><span class="icon"></span><div class="content"><a href="#" class="close"><img alt="Close" src="/images/chrome/closeIcon.gif" /></a><h3>Legislation is available in different versions:</h3><p><strong>Latest Available (revised):</strong>The latest available updated version of the legislation incorporating changes made by subsequent legislation and applied by our editorial team. Changes we have not yet applied to the text, can be found in the Changes to Legislation area.</p><p><strong>Original (As Enacted or Made): </strong>The original version of the legislation as it stood when it was enacted or made. No changes have been applied to the text.</p></div></div><div class="help" id="openingOptionsHelp"><span class="icon"></span><div class="content"><a href="#" class="close"><img alt="Close" src="/images/chrome/closeIcon.gif" /></a><h3>Opening Options</h3><p>Different options to open legislation in order to view more content on screen at once</p></div></div><div class="help" id="emTabHelp"><span class="icon"></span><div class="content"><a href="#" class="close"><img alt="Close" src="/images/chrome/closeIcon.gif" /></a><h3>Explanatory Memorandum</h3><p>Explanatory Memorandum sets out a brief statement of the purpose of a Statutory Instrument and provides information about its policy objective and policy implications. They aim to make the Statutory Instrument accessible to readers who are not legally qualified and accompany any Statutory Instrument or Draft Statutory Instrument laid before Parliament from June 2004 onwards.</p></div></div><div class="help" id="moreResourcesTabHelp"><span class="icon"></span><div class="content"><a href="#" class="close"><img alt="Close" src="/images/chrome/closeIcon.gif" /></a><h3>More Resources</h3><p>Access essential accompanying documents and information for this legislation item from this tab. Dependent on the legislation item being viewed this may include:</p><ul><li>the original print PDF of the as enacted version that was used for the print copy</li><li>lists of changes made by and/or affecting this legislation item</li><li>confers power and blanket amendment details</li><li>all formats of all associated documents</li><li>correction slips</li><li>links to related legislation and further information resources</li></ul></div></div><div class="help" id="moreResourcesHelp"><span class="icon"></span><div class="content"><a href="#" class="close"><img alt="Close" src="/images/chrome/closeIcon.gif" /></a><h3>More Resources</h3><p>Use this menu to access essential accompanying documents and information for this legislation item. Dependent on the legislation item being viewed this may include:</p><ul><li>the original print PDF of the as made version that was used for the print copy</li><li>correction slips</li></ul><p></p><p>Click 'View More' or select 'More Resources' tab for additional information including:</p><ul><li>lists of changes made by and/or affecting this legislation item</li><li>confers power and blanket amendment details</li><li>all formats of all associated documents</li><li>links to related legislation and further information resources</li></ul></div></div><div id="altFormats"><div class="altFormats"><p>The data on this page is available in the <a href="/developer/formats">alternative data formats</a> listed:<ul><li><a href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.html" type="application/akn+xhtml" rel="alternate nofollow">HTML5<span class="accessibleText"> alternative version</span></a></li><li><a href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.xht" type="application/xhtml+xml" rel="alternate nofollow">HTML snippet<span class="accessibleText"> alternative version</span></a></li><li><a href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.pdf" type="application/pdf" rel="alternate nofollow">PDF<span class="accessibleText"> alternative version</span></a></li><li><a href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.xml" type="application/xml" rel="alternate nofollow">XML<span class="accessibleText"> alternative version</span></a></li><li><a href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.akn" type="application/akn+xml" rel="alternate nofollow">Akoma Ntoso<span class="accessibleText"> alternative version</span></a></li><li><a href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.htm" type="text/html" rel="alternate nofollow">HTML RDFa<span class="accessibleText"> alternative version</span></a></li><li><a href="/uksi/2018/597/made/data.rdf" type="application/rdf+xml" rel="alternate nofollow">RDF/XML<span class="accessibleText"> alternative version</span></a></li></ul></p></div></div><div id="footerNav"><ul><li><a href="/new-design">New site design</a></li><li><a href="/help">Help</a></li><li><a href="/about-us">About us</a></li><li><a href="/sitemap">Site map</a></li><li><a href="/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li><li><a href="/contact-us">Contact us</a></li><li><a href="/privacynotice">Privacy notice</a></li><li><a href="/cookiepolicy" id="cookies-content-link">Cookies</a></li></ul></div><div id="footer"><div><p class="copyrightstatement"><img src="/images/chrome/ogl-symbol.gif" alt="OGL logo" /><span xml:lang="" id="Copyright_Statement">All content is available under the <a href="https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3" target="_blank" rel="license">Open Government Licence v3.0</a> except where <a href="/contributors">otherwise stated</a>. This site additionally contains content derived from EUR-Lex, reused under the terms of the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32011D0833" target="_blank">Commission Decision 2011/833/EU</a> on the reuse of documents from the EU institutions. For more information see the <a href="https://eur-lex.europa.eu/content/legal-notice/legal-notice.html" target="_blank">EUR-Lex public statement on re-use</a>.</span></p><span class="copyright">© <span rel="dct:rights" resource="http://reference.data.gov.uk/def/copyright/crown-copyright">Crown and database right</span></span></div></div><!--Google Tag Manager NoScript--><div id="google-tag-manager"><script type="text/javascript">
if (window.legGlobals.cookiePolicy.userSet &amp;&amp; window.legGlobals.cookiePolicy.analytics) {
var toRemove = document.getElementById('google-tag-manager');
document.getElementById('google-tag-manager').parentNode.removeChild(toRemove);
}
</script><div style="visibility: hidden; height: 0; width: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute"><object data="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-TWB7339" height="0" width="0" type="text/html"></object></div></div><!--End Google Tag Manager NoScript--></div><div id="modalBg" style="width: 1264px; height: 1731px; opacity: 0.8; display: none;"></div><script type="text/javascript">
$("#statusWarningSubSections").css("display", "none");
$(".help").css("display", "none");
$("#searchChanges", "#existingSearch").css({"display": "none"});
</script><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/libs/scrollmagic/ScrollMagic.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/SidebarScroll.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/scripts/StickyElements.js"></script></body></html>